Abstract: In order to reduce cargo transportation energy consumption, our country's current cargo transportation structure and energy consumption by statistical data were analyzed. By using the SPSS software to make regression prediction on the basis of freight turnover, the total energy consumption constraint inlet, the linear optimization model were built based on cargo transport-ation energy consumption structure, and the sharing ratio of the various modes of transport was optimized. In the case of meeting the same amount of freight demand, an empirical analysis was made in 2020 for China, using the Lingo software to obtain the optimal solutions. The research result show that 2.7% energy consumption is reduced and the structure adjustment cost is much less than environmental benefit, which proves the feasibility and rationality of the model.