螺旋桨叶截面空化模拟数值模型的改进与评估

Improvement and Evaluation of Numerical Model for Cavitation Flow Viscous Simulation Around Propeller Blade Section

  • 摘要: 考虑了多相流空化黏性模拟中多相流模型、空化模型、湍流模型和相变临界压力选择等因素,提出了在混合密度中同时包含非凝结性气核质量分数和体积分数以及在相变临界压力中考虑湍流脉动影响的改进Sauer空化模型,分析了直接引入混合密度的SST模型、湍流黏度取μtmk/ω的修正SST模型和分别引入密度函数和滤波函数的修正k-ε模型4种湍流模型对螺旋桨叶截面NACA66(mod)片空化模拟的影响,并应用改进后的数值模型对E779A螺旋桨不同空化程度下的片空化进行了模拟与校验. 结果表明,NCG质量分数取7.8×10-4和体积分数取1.0×10-6及气泡初始平均半径取1.5 μm时相对最优. 对二维水翼轻度和中度片空化模拟时,后3种湍流模型修正方式精度相当,且优于第一种方式. 对水翼云空化模拟时,两种修正k-ε模型相对最优. 联合改进Sauer空化模型和修正SST湍流模型对螺旋桨轻度、中度和重度空化下的空化范围模拟均与实验值吻合很好,表明了改进数值模型的有效性,并可直接用于低噪声桨的设计.

     

    Abstract: A detailed description of how to select the multiphase model, cavitation models, turbulence models and phase-change threshold pressure for cavitation viscous simulation was presented at first, then the improved Sauer cavitation model accounting for both of the effect of mass and volume fraction of non-condensable gas (NCG) on mixture density and effect of turbulence on phase-change pressure was proposed, and at last, four kinds of modified turbulent models were analyzed for sheet cavitation simulation of propeller blade section named NACA66(mod). The validation of sheet cavity area of E779A propeller under different cavitation levels using improved numerical models was completed. The results show that, being the best, NCG mass fraction and volume fraction is 7.8×10-4 and 1.0×10-6 respectively, and the initial bubble radius is 1.5 μm. Results of cavitation simulation for 2D hydrofoil sheet show that the modified SST model with μtmk/ω, the density function modified k-ε turbulence model and filter-based modified k-ε model all fit well and are better than the SST model with mixture density being introduced to turbulent viscosity directly. For the cloud cavitation simulation, two modified k-ε turbulence models are relatively better. All simulated cavity areas under lightly, moderately or heavily cavitation conditions of propeller are agreement quite well with the experimental data. It could be concluded that the comprehensive measure of improved Sauer cavitation model and modified SST turbulent model is effective, which could be productive for low noise marine propellers design.

     

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