Abstract: In order to enhance the self-learning and adaptive ability of fuzzy neural network, fuzzy neural network based on q-Gaussian was proposed for operational effectiveness evaluation of the planes. q-Gaussian function was taken as fuzzy membership function of fuzzy neural network and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the parameters of fuzzy neural network based on q-Gaussian. The nonextensive entropic index q was encoded in the particle and was adjusted adaptively in the evolution of population. The simulation result of operational effectiveness evaluation of planes shows that fuzzy neural network based on q-Gaussian can obtain more accurate results and has better self-learning and adaptive ability.