Abstract: On the basis of analyses on current design ideas for fuze safety systems and the requirements of the development of modern weapons and ammunitions, the paper presents and defines a concept of Fuze Target -Based Safety System (FTBSS). Upon meeting the prerequisites of ensuring ammunition safety in handling, launching and safety distance, an FTBSS is designed to start and/or complete its arming process according to the appearance and characteristics of the target (or target area) signal and turn itself into the armed state as quickly as possible, before initiating the explosive train .The paper discusses in some detail the necessary and sufficient conditions for the initiation of the arming process of an FTBSS, its optimal control, acquisition of target information and its contributions to ballistic safety. The result shows that FTBSS is a more advanced concept of fuze safety system, covering the functions of current fuze safety system.