Abstract: As the main force of China’s economic development, urban agglomerations are concentrated areas of carbon emissions, breakthroughs in greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and key responsibility areas for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. In this paper, CNKI and WOS are used as data sources to explore them by using bibliometric and content analysis methods. On this basis, the future research direction of carbon emissions in urban agglomerations in China is summarized. The results show that: (1) The existing research focuses on the analysis of data at the national and provincial levels, less on the two dimensions of time and space, especially considering the characteristics of carbon emissions from the perspective of urban agglomeration heterogeneity. (2) There is a lack of research on carbon peak of urban agglomerations, and single urban agglomerations such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are often taken as research objects. (3) The path research is relatively general, lacking a comprehensive and detailed in-depth analysis of various influencing factors of urban agglomeration carbon emissions, often considering the single effect of a single policy, ignoring the synergistic effect of the combination of policy tools. To sum up, future research should be based on the overall development of urban agglomeration, scientifically plan urban carbon peak action, reasonably map the top-level design of urban agglomeration carbon peak, and attach importance to optimizing the combination of policy tools for urban agglomeration carbon peak intervention.